The hilltop of Tell Baalbek, part of a valley to the east of the northern Beqaa Valley ( Latin: Coelesyria), shows signs of almost continual habitation over the last 8–9000 years. On the basis of its similar name, several 19th-century Biblical archaeologists attempted to connect Baalbek to the " Baalgad" mentioned in the Hebrew Scripture's Book of Joshua, the Baalath listed among Solomon's cities in the First Book of Kings, the Baal-hamon where he had a vineyard, and the "Plain of Aven" in Amos. Steiner proposes a Semitic adaption of " Lord Bacchus", from the classical temple complex. Lendering asserts that it is probably a contraction of Baʿal Nebeq (" Lord of the Source" of the Litani River). Cook took it to mean " Baʿal (Lord) of the Beka" and Donne as "City of the Sun". The etymology of Baalbek has been debated indecisively since the 18th century. It is Bʿalbik ( بْعَلْبِك, is ) in Lebanese Arabic. In Modern Standard Arabic, its vowels are marked as Baʿlabak ( بَعْلَبَك) or Baʿlabekk. It was pronounced as Baʿlabakk ( Arabic: بَعْلَبَكّ) in Classical Arabic. 411 translation of Eusebius's Theophania and a c. Two early 5th-century Syriac manuscripts, a c. The name BʿLBK is first attested in the Mishnah, a second-century rabbinic text, as a geographic epithet for a kind of garlic, shum ba'albeki (שום בעלבכי). Local influences are seen in the planning and layout of the temples, as they vary from the classic Roman design.
The gods that were worshipped there ( Jupiter, Venus, and Bacchus) were equivalents of the Canaanite deities Hadad, Atargatis. It still possesses some of the best-preserved Roman ruins in Lebanon, including one of the largest temples of the empire. In Greek and Roman antiquity, it was known as Heliopolis. The importance of the solar cult is also attested in the name Biḳāʿ al-ʿAzīz borne by the plateau surrounding Baalbek, as it references an earlier solar deity and not later men, named Aziz. In Catholicism, its titular see is distinguished as Heliopolis in Phoenicia, from its former Roman province Phoenice. It was sometimes described as Heliopolis in Syria or Coelesyria ( Latin: Heliopolis Syriaca or Syriae) to distinguish it from its namesake in Egypt. The local Semitic god Baʿal Haddu was more often equated with Zeus or Jupiter or simply called the "Great God of Heliopolis", but the name may refer to the Egyptians' association of Baʿal with their great god Ra. In Greek religion, Helios was both the sun in the sky and its personification as a god. However, Ammianus Marcellinus notes that earlier " Assyrian" names of Levantine towns continued to be used alongside the official Greek ones imposed by the Diadochi, who were successors of Alexander the Great. The name is attested under the Seleucids and Ptolemies. īaalbek was called "Heliopolis" during the Roman Empire, a latinisation of the Greek Hēlioúpolis ( Ἡλιούπολις) used during the Hellenistic period, meaning "Sun City" in reference to the solar cult there. It was inscribed in 1984 as an UNESCO World Heritage site.Ī few miles from the swamp from which the Litani (the classical Leontes) and the Asi (the upper Orontes) flow, Baalbek may be the same as the manbaa al-nahrayn ("Source of the Two Rivers"), the abode of El in the Ugaritic Baal Cycle discovered in the 1920s and a separate serpent incantation. It is home to the Baalbek temple complex which includes two of the largest and grandest Roman temple ruins: the Temple of Bacchus and the Temple of Jupiter. In 1998, Baalbek had a population of 82,608, mostly Shia Muslims, followed by Sunni Muslims and Lebanese Arab Christians. In Greek and Roman times, Baalbek was also known as Heliopolis ( Ἡλιούπολις, Greek for "Sun City"). It is the capital of Baalbek-Hermel Governorate. Once you're done, easily share it with friends and foes alike across social networks.Ĭan't find your game? Suggest a game or vote for it on our Ideas portal.Baalbek ( / ˈ b ɑː l b ɛ k, ˈ b eɪ ə l b ɛ k/ Arabic: بَعْلَبَكّ, romanized: Baʿlabakk, Syriac-Aramaic: ܒܥܠܒܟ) is a city located east of the Litani River in Lebanon's Beqaa Valley, about 67 km (42 mi) northeast of Beirut. Grab the clips you love most, give it a quick trim if you like, or move to the video editor to combine them into an epic collage. See the best (and not so best) moments, review your APM speed, and relive the game. Once the match is over, you can flip through your captured clips in the match timeline. While playing, the app automatically captures your best moments and biggest plays, as well as manually recording on demand. Outplayed is the ultimate video capturing app for gamers.
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